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Communist crimes (Polish legal concept)
Communist crimes ((ポーランド語:zbrodnie komunistyczne)), is a legal definition used in Polish criminal law.
The concept of a communist crime is also used more broadly internationally, and is employed by human rights NGOs as well as government agencies such as the Unitas Foundation, the Institute for Information on the Crimes of Communism, the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes, the Institute for the Investigation of Communist Crimes in Romania and the Office for the Documentation and the Investigation of the Crimes of Communism.
==Polish law==
In legal terminology – as defined by the Article 2.1 of the Journal of Laws (Dziennik Ustaw, DzU) of the Republic of Poland issued 18 December 1998,〔 "Communist crimes" constitute crimes committed by the functionaries of the communist apparatus between September 17, 1939 (Soviet invasion of Poland) and December 31, 1989 (fall of communism). The crimes defined therein form either political repression or direct violation of human rights of an individual or a group; including those, otherwise named in Polish criminal law of that particular time. The concept also covers several other illegal activities prohibited by the Polish law already since 1932, such as falsification of documents and using them with the intent to cause harm to people mentioned in them.〔. Art. 2.1. . Retrieved as of 8 May 2007.〕
The concept of Communist crimes was legally introduced in 1998 and revised several times.〔''Ustawa..'', see headings of document for list of legal acts published in Dziennik Ustaw modyfing the original document〕 It was designed to facilitate studies of events and prosecution of people in authority who committed crimes against Polish citizens as well as the Polish state.〔The concept of a communist crime is also applicable if the victim was not a Polish citizen but was wronged on Polish territory.〕 The definition is conceptually similar to the legal concept of a Nazi crime.〔 Genowefa Rajman, (ZBRODNIE KOMUNISTYCZNE W KONCEPCJI POLSKIEGO PRAWA KARNEGO ), Wojskowy Przegląd Prawniczy, Number 1 z 2006 r.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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